Top 9 types of typical writing in human history in the Bronze and Iron Age

1

Cuneiform

Cuneiform is one of the earliest writing systems in human history. Was invented by Sumerian people. Beginning in Sumer at the end of the fourth millennium BC (Uruk IV period) to convey the Sumerian language, which is a separate language, the wedge-shaped handwriting begins as a symbolic system.

In the third millennium, image wall icons have become simpler and more abstract when the number of characters is used increasingly smaller (Hittite cuneiform). The system consists of a combination of logophonetic notation, negative alphabet and sylltables.

2

Egyptian hieroglyphs

Egyptian hieroglyphs

Ancient Egypt hieroglyphic to Haɪf; The Greek word ἱερογλύφος means "sacred touch", which also writes Τὰ Ἱερογλυφικά γράμματα) is a formal writing system used by ancient Egyptians containing a combination of signs and letters. The Egyptians used the inscriptions to record religious texts on papyrus and wood. The less formal variations of this character, known as monks and civilians, are technically not a symbolic.

The image is composed of three types of engraving: phonetic, composed of separate phonetic letters that can act as a letter; Sign, express the shapes; And the words are limited, narrowing the meaning of a sign or phonetic words.

When the writing grew and became widely populated in Egypt, the simple forms of carvings developed, which led to the scribes (priests) and the population (inhabitants). These variations are also more appropriate than the image symbol when used on papyrus. However, the script text does not disappear, which exists next to other forms, especially at the temples and in the form of the other official handwriting. Rosetta Stone has text-shaped parallel letters and a civilian budget.

It is clear that all of the iconic characters are few or more iconic: they present real or virtual elements, which are sometimes stylized and simplified, but in general they can all be validated in the form. However, the same notation can, depending on the context, be translated in different ways: as a phonetic (phonetic reading), such as a sign, or as a symbol (semagram; "term") (semantic reading). The term is not read as a phonetic component, but is made easy to understand by distinguish words from other identical pronunciation words.

3

oracle bone

Oracle Bone (Chinese: 甲骨文) or its armor is an ancient Chinese type, considered the first morphology of kanji, also regarded as a possible form of kanji. Each stage is different, and the universe is considered to be the most complete, and also the greatest number discovered.

It is the only complete relative of the writing system, developed and used at the end of the commercial life (Century 14-11 BCE), used to record the breathtaking contents of the Imperial Palace on the bird's bib or animal bone. After the overthrow of the merchant, the Chu House continued to use this inscription. So far, this is considered to be the oldest and the original source of modern kanji.

The parathyism means that the handwriting is engraved on the Turtle (armor) and beast-bones. It is found in the area of Little Lang Village, An Duong district, Ha Nam Province, China. Determining the dating period about 3000 years ago, it is divided into two types, which are bordered and the text. The armor was carved on the pints of the turtle, a few carved in the carapace, carved on buffalo bones.

Five "Quang Tu " 24th Dynasty Qing (1898), some farmers discovered the animal fragments engraved in the text, but thought that the "long-" can cure should have been sold to pharmacies. Kim Thach Dynasty (王懿荣) and Pupil Zhao (赵军) accidentally discovered on the "dragon" that is an ancient type of civilization. Through the survey discovered where there is the old capital of the House of Grace, 殷墟. Initially the scholars did not know this, because the merchants deliberately lied where to find the "dragon"

It is currently excavated about 15 thousand pieces of bones, about 4,500 words, which have been read around 1/3. The letter of armor uses the symbolic methods, only the idea, the assembly to create letters. In terms of self-law, we also see the method of paternity.
The content of the border is mainly about astronomy, meteorological, geography, religion... Serve the spiritual needs of the noble King. Therefore, it is also known as contemplative culture, which is contemplating divination.

4

Elamite

Elamite

Elamite is an icon syllables script that is used to write the Elamite language. The complete collective of Elamite cuneiform consists of C. 20,000 tablets and debris. Most belong to the Achaemenid era, and contain primary economic records.

The symbols of Elamite characters that have not yet been explained are probably 3,200 years BC and become available at the end of the 3rd Millennium BC, they were later replaced by the cuneiform Elamite to be imported from the Akkad language.

5

Anatolian hieroglyphs

Trích một bài giảng về chữ tượng hình Tiểu Á

As an extinct part of the Indo-European languages spoken in Asia Minor (old Anatolia), the best endorsement of which is the Hittite language. Unexplored until the late 19th and 20th centuries, they were considered the earliest linguistic groups separating from the Indo-European family. The bronze era, the symbolic image of the Luwian, existed until the conquest of the Neo-Hittite kingdom by Assyria, and the Anatilian-letters were attested in a discrete manner until the beginning of the first millennium after the BC, which eventually became extinct before the Hellenic period of Asia Minor.